The Neuroimaging Features of Frontotemporal Dementia: Characterising Phenotype-Associated Pathological Changes In Vivo

Abstract

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a rare type of dementia. It can affect language, behaviour and memory depending on what part of the brain is involved. It can be difficult to diagnose, especially in the early stages of the disease. The correct diagnosis is important for individual patients and from a wider research perspective. This research study used advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to better understand the FTD brain imaging pattern. These images are mathematically analysed by computers to calculate the size, shape, density and water diffusivity of different areas within the brain. Our study focused on (1) evaluating of the thalamus and cerebellum - which are often under investigated in FTD, and (2) using novel methods to analyse individual patient brain scans in FTD subtypes. We found that advanced MRI imaging captures thalamus and cerebellar involvement in FTD, in a pattern that is unique to each FTD subtype. We also found that novel methods can be used to reliably interpret individual patients’ brain scans.