Reconceptualising Eco-tourism: Aligning Tourism and Conservation Goals using Biodiversity Perception, Governance, and Management

Abstract

This thesis represents an in-depth exploration of the intricate relationship between tourism and conservation, delving into the critical need for robust governance to ensure effective environmental management within the tourism sector. At its core, this research redefines eco-tourism by integrating perspectives from both tourism and environmental management, distinctively differentiating it from nature-based tourism. Through a series of interconnected experiments, qualitative and quantitative assessments, the study elucidates key insights, revealing the potential synergies between tourism and conservation. Also showcasing the tangible ecological benefits that tourism can provide when managed appropriately.

The foundation of this thesis lies in recognising the fundamental role of biodiversity in supporting tourism in terms of economic viability, competitiveness and provision of ecosystem services. By employing a rigorous methodology combining qualitative techniques and psychometric measures, the research offers a nuanced understanding of stakeholder and visitor perspectives and/or interactions at tourist destinations. This approach enriches our comprehension of perception dynamics and highlights the complexity of the interplay between tourism and environmental conservation. Moreover, by utilising existing data from public sector bodies, the study not only identifies drivers of environmental impacts but also emphasises the importance of moving beyond simplistic measures such as visitor numbers to gauge environmental damage.

One of the primary contributions of this research is its focus on revealing novel insights into biodiversity dynamics in tourism and conservation management. By investigating existing conflicts and synergies, the study underscores the ecological enhancement measures implemented by tourism operators and showcases exemplary contexts where tourism and conservation goals already align. Moreover, this thesis underscores the critical role of sustainable tourism in achieving ecological victories and driving transformative change, challenging conventional wisdom regarding the inherent adverse impacts of tourism and advocating for nuanced management approaches.

This thesis also addresses the need for a clear definition of eco-tourism to prevent 'greenwashing' and align tourism practices with environmental conservation goals. Through a detailed examination of habitat management practices and conservation classifications, the study emphasises the importance of structured governance and communication processes in facilitating sustainable tourism management. Additionally, the research offers insights into the influence of visitor demographics and psychometric measures on environmental impacts and behaviours. Advocating for integrated approaches that combine environmental conservation, community engagement, and psychometric analysis to inform sustainable tourism management effectively.

In conclusion, this thesis represents a significant contribution to the discourse on sustainable tourism, tourism governance, conservation habitat management, and policy development. By navigating the complexities of the intersection between tourism and conservation, whilst utilising robust analysis methods, this research offers valuable insights that have implications for policy, practice, and future research. Ultimately, the study advocates for informed policies, targeted education, and collaborative efforts to achieve a sustainable future where biodiversity thrives alongside tourism, fostering a harmonious relationship between nature and tourism for generations to come.