From the Smart City to Urban Artificial Intelligence: the Case of Guangzhou, China

Abstract

The thesis investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and smart city initiatives within the urban governance framework of Guangzhou, China, with a focus on their influence on healthcare services and the shift towards a citizen-centric model of urban development. Grounded in the interdisciplinary field of urban geography, the study offers a comprehensive analysis of how AI and smart technologies are reshaping the urban landscape, particularly in the context of rapid modernisation in Guangzhou.

The research first highlights the critical role of the Guangzhou government in driving smart city projects, demonstrating how strategic planning, policy coordination, and technological integration are vital to addressing the multifaceted socio-spatial challenges brought by urbanisation. It emphasises that strong government leadership is not only essential for fostering technological innovation but also for strengthening urban resilience, positioning Guangzhou's governance model as a reference point for other cities facing similar transitions.

Another central focus of this thesis is the application of AI in healthcare, particularly in enhancing service delivery and operational efficiency. Through an in-depth case study of AI integration in a major provincial hospital, the research reveals AI's potential to reduce the strain on medical professionals, improve diagnostic accuracy, and optimise patient care. Nevertheless, it also addresses challenges such as data privacy concerns, system interoperability issues, and the need for standardised implementation protocols. These findings point to the necessity of robust governance mechanisms to effectively manage AI deployment in healthcare settings.

Furthermore, the thesis explores the human dimensions of AI integration, particularly within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. AI-driven technologies proved essential in facilitating diagnostics and public health surveillance. However, the research argues that AI should be viewed as an augmentative tool, enhancing rather than replacing the indispensable role of healthcare professionals. This underscores the importance of maintaining a balance between the technological capabilities of AI and the critical oversight provided by human expertise.

The study also investigates the ongoing shift from a technology-centric to a citizen-centric approach in smart city development. It examines how Guangzhou has increasingly prioritised public engagement and responsiveness to citizen needs, marking a transition from early-stage Smart City 1. 0 initiatives to a more inclusive Smart City 2. 0 model. Despite these advancements, the research identifies persistent challenges, including concerns over data privacy, platform compatibility, and public trust in digital services. These obstacles highlight the need for inclusive governance structures that incorporate robust feedback mechanisms to ensure that smart city initiatives are aligned with the lived experiences of urban residents.

The thesis contributes to the broader discourse on urban AI and smart cities by providing valuable insights into how AI and digital technologies can support sustainable urban development. It stresses the importance of balancing technological innovation with citizen engagement and governance to foster smarter, more inclusive, and resilient urban environments.