A Qualitative Exploration of Living with and Managing Post COVID-19 Condition

Abstract

Background: Post COVID-19 condition, or long COVID, has been largely studied via quantitative assessments, focusing on symptom prevalence and severity. However, limited research has explored how individuals experience the condition in their daily lives, particularly in managing persistent symptoms and their broader impact on functioning. Methodology: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 21 participants from the Post COVID Clinic at St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Semi-structured interviews explored the daily effects of post COVID-19 condition and the impact of an Occupational Therapy-led Fatigue and Activity Management Education Programme (FAME-PC). Ethical approval was obtained from SJH/TUH Joint Research Ethics Committee. Results: Most participants were women over 30 (n=18, 85.7%). Three key categories emerged: the enduring nature of post COVID-19 condition, its negative impact on daily life, and the challenges of recovery. Participants reported persistent symptoms lasting between 13 to 43 months, with fatigue and cognitive dysfunction ("brain fog") being the most common. These symptoms significantly impacted self-care, work, and social interactions. Many participants felt isolated, underscoring the emotional toll of the condition. The FAME-PC programme was well-received, with participants appreciating the peer support, condition-specific content, and occupational therapist facilitation. Conclusion: The study suggests post COVID-19 condition can have long-lasting effects, potentially evolving into a chronic condition for some, especially those infected early in the pandemic. Tailored rehabilitation programmes like FAME-PC can be effective in helping manage fatigue and offering emotional support. The study suggests a need for continued healthcare support, further exploration into early intervention and the long-term nature of post-COVID-19 symptoms. Additionally, addressing gender differences in participation and engagement in healthcare interventions could contribute to comprehensive care planning.