Review of Wavenumber-Frequency Spectrum Models of Turbulent Boundary-Layer Wall Pressure Fluctuations

Abstract

Turbulent-boundary-layer wall-pressure-fluctuations are of significant concern in acoustic engineering for both high-speed airborne and underwater vehicles, and the modeling of the associated wavenumber-frequency spectra have been extensively studied. In this paper, a review of 12 models developed between 1964 and 2017 is conducted. Both the 2D and the 1D forms are investigated. In this work, fundamental concepts are introduced, followed by a classification of the models into two categories, i.e. Corcos-type and non-Corcos-type models. Both the 2D and 1D forms of the 12 models are individually introduced in chronological order. To evaluate these models, comparisons of the 2D and 1D wavenumber-frequency spectra at different speeds and frequencies were conducted. Unlike Corcos-type models, non-Corcos-type models are grounded in a stronger theoretical foundation, with some models accurately reflecting acoustic region characteristics. Corcos-type models exhibit good consistency, though they require an auto-spectrum as a necessary input making them semi-empirical models. Besides, the models within the Corcos-type and the non-Corcos-type were also compared, respectively, a few important conclusions were accordingly made. The research output from this paper can provide an important practical engineering reference for studies associated with acoustic engineering such as aircraft cabin noise and submarine hydrodynamic noise