Multipartite entanglement in the Eigenstate Thermalisation Hypothesis

Abstract

We study the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and, thus, the multipartite entanglement structure of thermal pure states in the context of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). In both the canonical ensemble and the ETH, the quantum Fisher information may be explicitly calculated from the response functions. In the case of the ETH, we find that the expression of the QFI bounds the corresponding canonical expression from above. This implies that although average values and fluctuations of local observables are indistinguishable from their canonical counterpart, the entanglement structure of the state is starkly different; with the difference amplified, e.g., in the proximity of a thermal phase transition. We also provide a state-of-the-art numerical example of a situation where the quantum Fisher information in a quantum many-body system is extensive while the corresponding quantity in the canonical ensemble vanishes. Our findings have direct relevance for the entanglement structure in the asymptotic states of quenched many-body dynamics.