Unlocking the Origin of Compositional Fluctuations in InGaN Light Emitting Diodes

Abstract

The accurate determination of compositional fluctuations is pivotal in understanding their role in the reduction of efficiency in high indium content InxGa1–xN light emitting diodes (LEDs), the origin of which is still poorly understood. Here we have combined electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) imaging at subnanometer resolution with multiscale computational models to obtain a statistical distribution of the compositional fluctuations in InxGa1–xN quantum wells (QWs). Employing a multiscale computational model, we show the tendency of intrinsic compositional fluctuation in InxGa1–xN QWs at different indium concentrations and in the presence of strain. We have developed a systematic formalism based on the autonomous detection of compositional fluctuation in observed and simulated EELS maps. We have shown a direct comparison between the computationally predicted and experimentally observed compositional fluctuations. We have found that although a random alloy model captures the distribution of compositional fluctuations in relatively low In (∼18%) content InxGa1–xN QWs, there exists a striking deviation from the model in higher In content (≥24%) QWs. Our results highlight a distinct behavior in carrier localization driven by compositional fluctuations in the low and high In content InGaN QWs, which would ultimately affect the performance of LEDs. Furthermore, our robust computational and atomic characterization method can be widely applied to study materials in which nanoscale compositional fluctuations play a significant role in the material performance.