A Literature Review of Barriers and Opportunities Presented by Digitally Enhanced Practical Skill Teaching and Learning in Health Science Education

Abstract

Introduction: An evidence gap exists identifying the challenges and opportunities presented by digitally enhanced practical skill teaching and learning in health science education. A literature review was carried out to address this gap and to provide recommendations for overcoming identified challenges. Method: A systematic search strategy was carried out using PRISMA guidelines. The research databases PubMed, ERIC, Medline and CINHL, were searched using MeSH terms. Barriers and opportunities were identified through deductive thematic analysis of the included articles. Results: Of the 602 articles identified through the database screening, 29 were included in the current review. Potential challenges posed by technologically supported practical skill teaching identified were i) Inaccessibility and Inequity of Online Learning (ii) Digital illiteracy Among Staff (iii) Technological Challenges (iv) Lack of Engagement with Preparatory Material Hinders Practical Learning (v) Lack of Staff–Student Interaction (vi) Negative Attitudes Towards Online Learning and (vii) Skill Suitability. The opportunities presented by digital technologies identified were (i) Facilitates Higher Order Learning (ii) Ability to Practice in a Safe Environment (iii) Efficacious Use of Class Time (iv) Access to Education (v) Learning Brought to Life (vi) Diverse Range of Learning Materials (vii) Promotes Autonomous Learning. Discussion: This literature review demonstrates the acceptability and usability of digitally enhanced practical teaching in health science education among students and educators. Conclusion: To consolidate the positive disturbances in higher education from the Covid-19 pandemic, potential barriers to online delivery and student engagement must be acknowl edged and addressed by relevant stakeholders. Recommendations detailed as part of this paper suggest means of overcoming barriers and leveraging opportunities.