Biochemistry (Scholarly Publications): Recent submissions
Now showing items 41-60 of 734
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Detection of Viral Infections by Innate Immunity
(2021)Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A successful host response to viral ... -
Sestrin family - the stem controlling healthy ageing
(2020)Sestrins are a family of stress-responsive antioxidant proteins responsible for regulation of cell viability and metabolism. The best known Sestrin targets are mTORC1 and mTORC2 kinases that control different cellular ... -
Delirium
(2020)Delirium, a syndrome characterized by an acute change in attention, awareness and cognition, is caused by a medical condition that cannot be better explained by a pre-existing neurocognitive disorder. Multiple predisposing ... -
Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions
(2021)Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, ... -
Acute neuroinflammation, sickness behavior and working memory responses to acute systemic LPS challenge following noradrenergic lesion in mice
(2021)Locus coeruleus (LC)-derived noradrenaline is important in cognition and decreases with age, but the impact of prior noradrenaline deficiency on vulnerability to inflammation-induced acute cognitive dysfunction is ... -
Acute Inflammation Alters Brain Energy Metabolism in Mice and Humans: Role in Suppressed Spontaneous Activity, Impaired Cognition, and Delirium
(2020)Systemic infection triggers a spectrum of metabolic and behavioral changes, collectively termed sickness behavior, which while adaptive, can affect mood and cognition. In vulnerable individuals, acute illness can also ... -
Double stranded RNA drives anti-viral innate immune responses, sickness behavior and cognitive dysfunction dependent on dsRNA length, IFNAR1 expression and age
(2021)Double stranded RNA is generated during viral replication. The synthetic analogue poly I:C is frequently used to mimic anti-viral innate immune responses in models of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders ... -
Acute systemic inflammation exacerbates neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: IL-1?? drives amplified responses in primed astrocytes and neuronal network dysfunction
(2021)Neuroinflammation contributes to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Secondary inflammatory insults trigger delirium and can accelerate cognitive decline. Individual cellular contributors to this vulnerability require ... -
Macrophages in the cochlea; an immunological link between risk factors and progressive hearing loss
(2022)Macrophages are abundant in the cochlea; however, their role in hearing loss is not well understood. Insults to the cochlea, such as noise or insertion of a cochlear implant, cause an inflammatory response, which includes ... -
Heterozygous disruption of ALAS1 in mice causes an accelerated age-dependent reduction in free heme, but not total heme, in skeletal muscle and liver
(2021)5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is the rate-limiting intermediate in heme biosynthesis in vertebrate species; a re- action catalyzed by the mitochondrial ALA synthase 1 (ALAS1) enzyme. Previously we reported that knockdown of ... -
The eukaryotic tRNA-guanine transglycosylase enzyme inserts queuine into tRNA via a sequential bi?bi mechanism
(2020)Eukaryotic tRNA-guanine transglycosylase (TGT) – an enzyme recently recognised to be of potential therapeutic importance – catalyses base-exchange of guanine for queuine at the wobble position of tRNAs associated with ... -
Queuine micronutrient deficiency promotes warburg metabolism and reversal of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in hela cells
(2020)ueuine is a eukaryotic micronutrient, derived exclusively from eubacteria. It is incorporated into both cytosolic and mitochondrial transfer RNA to generate a queuosine nucleotide at position 34 of the anticodon loop. The ... -
A non-toxic, reversibly released imaging probe for oral cancer that is derived from natural compounds.
(2021)CD44 is emerging as an important receptor biomarker for various cancers. Amongst these is oral cancer, where surgical resection remains an essential mode of treatment. Unfortunately, surgery is frequently associated with ... -
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated SARM1 knockout and epitope-tagged mice reveal that SARM1 does not regulate nuclear transcription, but is expressed in macrophages
(2021)SARM1 is a toll/interleukin-1 receptor -domain containing protein, with roles proposed in both innate immunity and neuronal degeneration. Murine SARM1 has been reported to regulate the transcription of chemokines in both ... -
Next generation SARM1 knockout and epitope tagged CRISPR-Cas9-generated isogenic mice reveal that SARM1 does not participate in regulating nuclear transcription, despite confirmation of protein expression in macrophages
(2021)ABSTRACT SARM1 is an ancient and highly conserved TIR-domain containing protein, with a diverse range of proposed roles in both innate immunity and neuronal death and degeneration. Murine SARM1 has been reported to ... -
The human tRNA-guanine transglycosylase displays promiscuous nucleobase preference but strict tRNA specificity.
(2021)Base-modification can occur throughout a transfer RNA molecule; however, elaboration is particularly prevalent at position 34 of the anticodon loop (the wobble position), where it functions to influence protein translation. ... -
Sex differences regulate immune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis
(2022)MS is an autoimmune disease of the CNS that afflicts over 2.5 million people world-wide. There are striking sex differences in the susceptibility to and progression of thisdisease in humans. Females are twice as likely to ... -
IL-17 mediates protective immunity against nasal infection with Bordetella pertussis by mobilizing neutrophils, especially Siglec-F + neutrophils
(2021)Understanding the mechanism of protective immunity in the nasal mucosae is central to the design of more effective vaccines that prevent nasal infection and transmission of Bordetella pertussis. We found significant ... -
The Effects of Trained Innate Immunity on T Cell Responses; Clinical Implications and Knowledge Gaps for Future Research
(2021)The burgeoning field of innate immune training, also called trained immunity, has given immunologists new insights into the role of innate responses in protection against infection and in modulating inflammation. Moreover, ...
