Sepsis is the result of a dysregulated systemic immune response to microbial infection that leads to organ failure and death in about 30% of affected individuals. The antimicrobial response is biphasic with an overwhelming ...

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common syndromic immunodeficiency with an increased risk of infection, mortality from sepsis, and autoinflammation. Innate immune function is altered in DS and therefore we examined ...

Introduction: Perinatally acquired HIV infection and malnutrition remain major public health challenges for sub-Saharan Africa health systems. HIV and malnutrition result in 50% mortality. The introduction of antiretroviral ...

γδ T cells are innate T cells that play central roles in protection against microorganisms and cellular stress. There are three main subsets in humans: Vδ1, Vδ2 and Vδ3 T cells. The most abundant of these, Vδ2 T cells, ...

Inflammation has long been recognised as a driver of dementia. However, the pathways by which inflammation alters neuronal function and causes neuronal death remain under investigation. Microglia are primed by chronic ...

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of innate T lymphocytes that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor that recognises glycolipids presented on CD1d by antigen- presenting cells. They have the unique ...

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells comprise a rare subset of T cells that recognise glycolipid antigens presented by CDld. Activation of iNKT cells in mice leads to protection against cancer, autoimmune disease and ...

Bronchiectasis is a chronic suppurative lung disease. It is the pathological end-point of many disease processes including cystic fibrosis and antibody deficiency. In many cases of bronchiectasis, termed 'idiopathic', no ...

The immune system of modern man has innate signalling pathways that arose in ancestral species. This is exemplified by the discovery of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway using free-living model organisms, specifically ...