Biochemistry: Recent submissions
Now showing items 221-240 of 1067
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Inflammasome Involvement in Barrett's and Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2020)Barrett's oesophagus is an inflammatory condition and a neoplastic precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Inflammasome signalling pathways contribute to acute and chronic inflammation, and can be enhanced by obesity. ... -
Characterisation of the immune response to calcium phosphate particulates; implications for osteoarthritis and bone tissue engineering
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2020)Early trauma, resulting in focal areas of cartilage damage with injury to the underlying subchondral bone (osteochondral damage) often progresses to arthritis. These so called osteochondral defects (OCDs) can arise from ... -
A novel role of SOCS-4 and SOCS-5 in cytokine signalling
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2020)The immune system is propagated by cytokines and their intracellular signal transduction. To ensure an appropriate immune response, these signalling pathways are tightly controlled. One such regulatory mechanism is the ... -
Mitochondrial localization of SESN2
(2020)SESN2 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved sestrin protein family found in most of the Metazoa species. The SESN2 gene is transcriptionally activated by many stress factors, including metabolic derangements, reactive ... -
Modulation of macrophage responses by the vaccine adjuvant alum
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2020)Recent findings have challenged the classical view of innate versus adaptive immunity, suggesting that innate cells can retain some memory of past immunological insults. This trained immunity which allows for primed cellular ... -
Partial inhibition of complex I activity increases Ca2+-independent glutamate release rates from synaptosomes
(2008)Mitochondria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and, in particular, complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.5.3) activity has been shown to be partially reduced in ... -
Autophagy in the immune response to tuberculosis: clinical perspectives
(2011)A growing body of evidence points to autophagy as an essential component in the immune response to tuberculosis. Autophagy is a direct mechanism of killing intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also acts as a modulator ... -
Metabolic reprogramming during the Trypanosoma brucei life cycle
(2017)Cellular metabolic activity is a highly complex, dynamic, regulated process that is influenced by numerous factors, including extracellular environmental signals, nutrient availability and the physiological and developmental ... -
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; Central Metabolic Regulators of Natural Killer Cells
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2020)Natural killer (NK) cells have important functions in the immune response against pathogen- infected and transformed cells. NK cell metabolism is crucial for NK cell effector functions. In this study sterol regulatory ... -
Retroviral reporter systems for the assessment of activity of stress-induced signal transduction pathways controlled by p53, HIF-1 and HSF-1 transcription factors
(2005)The tumor suppressor p53, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and heat-shock factor 1 (HSF-1) are the key transcription factors involved in the stress response to damage of the genetic material, hypoxia, or heat shock, ... -
Transcriptional Inhibition of the Human Papilloma Virus Reactivates Tumor Suppressor p53 in Cervical Carcinoma Cells
(2007)Inactivation of tumor suppressor p53 accompanies the majority of human malignancies. Restoration of p53 function causes death of tumor cells and is potentially suitable for gene therapy of cancer. In cervical carcinoma, ... -
Sestrins orchestrate cellular metabolism to attenuate aging
(2013)The Sestrins constitute a family of evolutionarily conserved stress-inducible proteins that suppress oxidative stress and regulate AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. By ... -
Stressin' Sestrins take an aging fight
(2010)Sestrins (Sesns) are a family of highly conserved stress‐responsive proteins, transcriptionally regulated by p53 and forkhead transcription factor that exhibit oxidoreductase activity in vitro and can protect cells from ... -
Sestrin-2 is significantly increased in malignant pleural effusions due to lung cancer and is potentially secreted by pleural mesothelial cells.
(2016)Objectives: Sestrin-2 (Sesn2) belongs to a family of highly conserved antioxidant proteins that were discovered as p53-inducible proteins and inhibits cell growth and proliferation. Our aim was to assess the levels of Sesn2 ... -
Sestrin2 is induced by glucose starvation via the unfolded protein response and protects cells from non-canonical necroptotic cell death
(2016)Sestrin2 is a member of a family of stress responsive proteins, which controls cell viability via antioxidant activity and regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin protein kinase (mTOR). Sestrin2 is induced by ... -
Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis by Sestrin2 and Sestrin3.
(2012)Chronic activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and p70 S6 kinase (S6K) in response to hypernutrition contributes to obesity-associated metabolic pathologies, including hepatosteatosis and insulin ... -
Sestrins inhibit mTORC1 kinase activation through the GATOR complex.
(2014)The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase is a sensor of different environmental conditions and regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. mTORC1 is activated by Rag GTPases, working as RagA:RagB ... -
p53 target genes sestrin1 and sestrin2 connect genotoxic stress and mTOR signaling
(2008)The tumor suppressor p53 is activated upon genotoxic and oxidative stress and in turn inhibits cell proliferation and growth through induction of specific target genes. Cell growth is positively regulated by mTOR, whose ... -
Sestrins Link Tumor Suppressors with the AMPK -TOR Signaling Network
(InTech, 2012)The strength of the mechanisms involved in the control of health and lifespan determines the rate of aging in any organism. Aging is fueled by the accumulation of damage in a multitude of tissues, causing many age-related ... -
Sestrin prevents muscle atrophy from disuse and aging by integrating anabolic and catabolic signals.
(2020)A unique property of skeletal muscle is its ability to adapt its mass to changes in activity. Inactivity, as in disuse or aging, causes atrophy, the loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to physical incapacity and ...
