Biochemistry: Recent submissions
Now showing items 41-60 of 1067
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Analysis of how the TCA cycle enzymes Fumarate hydratase and Succinate dehydrogenase regulate cytokine production
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)Mitochondria are organelles which release metabolites and nucleic acids that act as signals to regulate immune cell activation and cytokine production. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites and enzymes have ... -
The role of tissue resident memory T cells in the respiratory mucosal immune response in humans
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, 2024)Tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells represent a population of effector memory T cells that persist in peripheral tissues and act as sentinels of the adaptive immune response, facilitating rapid and specific immune responses ... -
NOX2-mediated regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in traumatic brain injury
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is described as damage to the brain due to a mechanical impact to the head and is the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Following the primary mechanical injury, ... -
Quantitative proteomics of natural dendritic cell subsets
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)Dendritic cells (DCs) are a critical bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. They are a heterogeneous population composed of various subsets that modulate different aspects of the immune response. It is now clear that ... -
4-Octyl itaconate reduces influenza A replication by targeting the nuclear export protein CRM1
(2023)In recent years, especially since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, the cell-permeable itaconate derivative 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) has gained traction as a potential antiviral ... -
The metabolic function of pyruvate kinase M2 regulates reactive oxygen species production and microbial killing by neutrophils
(2023)Neutrophils rely predominantly on glycolytic metabolism for their biological functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Although pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a glycolytic enzyme known to be involved in ... -
Characterization and inhibition of inflammasome responses in severe and non-severe asthma
(2023)Background: Increased airway NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β responses may underpin severe neutrophilic asthma. However, whether increased inflammasome activation is unique to severe asthma, is a common feature of immune ... -
C5aR2 Regulates STING-Mediated Interferon Beta Production in Human Macrophages
(2023)The complement system mediates diverse regulatory immunological functions. C5aR2, an enigmatic receptor for anaphylatoxin C5a, has been shown to modulate PRR-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in human macrophages. ... -
Unlocking potential: the role of the electron transport chain in immunometabolism
(2024)The electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer with proton pumping to generate ATP and it also regulates particular innate and adaptive immune cell function. While NLRP3 inflammasome activation was initially ... -
From periphery to center stage: 50 years of advancements in innate immunity
(2024)Over the past 50 years in the field of immunology, something of a Copernican revolution has happened. For a long time, immunologists were mainly concerned with what is termed adaptive immunity, which involves the exquisitely ... -
Metabolic regulation of type I interferon production
(2024)Over the past decade, there has been a surge in discoveries of how metabolic path- ways regulate immune cell function in health and disease, establishing the field of immunometabolism. Specifically, pathways such as ... -
4-Octyl Itaconate and Dimethyl Fumarate Induce Secretion of the Anti-Inflammatory Protein Annexin A1 via NRF2
(2023)Annexin A1 is a key anti-inflammatory effector protein that is involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids. 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI), a derivative of the endogenous metabolite itaconate, which is abundantly ... -
NLRP3, the inflammasome and COVID-19 infection
(2023)Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by respiratory failure, shock or multiorgan dysfunction, often accompanied by systemic hyperinflammation and dysregulated cytokine release. These features are ... -
Immunometabolism at the crossroads of obesity and cancer - a Keystone Symposia report
(2023)Immunometabolism considers the relationship between metabolism and immunity. Typically, researchers focus on either the metabolic pathways within immune cells that affect their function or the impact of immune cells on ... -
An Emerging Role for Type I Interferons as Critical Regulators of Blood Coagulation
(2023)Type I interferons (IFNs) are central mediators of anti-viral and anti-bacterial host defence. Detection of microbes by innate immune cells via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and ... -
The human adaptor SARM negatively regulates adaptor protein TRIF-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling
(2006)Toll-like receptors discriminate between different pathogen-associated molecules and activate signaling cascades that lead to immune responses. The specificity of Toll-like receptor signaling occurs by means of adaptor ... -
Investigating the Impact of Non-Structural Proteins of Coronaviruses (CoVs), MERS-CoV & SARS-CoV-1, upon the antiviral Interferon-α JAK/STAT Pathway
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)The recent emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) highlights the need for greater understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms used by CoVs to subvert antiviral responses. CoVs have ... -
Metabolic and redox regulation of IL-17-producing γδ T cells
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to a wide range of immune responses, including host defence, tissue repair, autoimmune inflammation, and tumour progression. γδ17 T cells (CD3+TCRδ+CD27-) ... -
The function and regulation of IL-17A-producing T cell subsets in central nervous system autoimmunity
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MS is characterised by the presence of demyelinating lesions in the CNS and is the leading cause of disability among ... -
Effect of small molecules modulators of Complex III of the electron transport chain on cytokine production in macrophages
(Trinity College Dublin. School of Biochemistry & Immunology. Discipline of Biochemistry, 2024)Innate immune cells promote inflammation when activated by Pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate the immune response to stress and microbial invasion. When macrophages are primed with the ...
