Physiology (Theses and Dissertations): Recent submissions
Now showing items 61-80 of 108
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The influence of age on cyclic tensile strain-induced differentiation and apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)Mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, are adult progenitor cells capable of differentiating into specialised skeletal cells such as chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes. Under the appropriate conditions, these cells can be ... -
An evaluation of acute excercise as a cognitive enhancer : assessment of underlying mechanisms
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2013)Human and rodent studies demonstrate that physical exercise targets many aspects of brain function and has positive effects on overall brain health. The majority of studies published in this field focus on long-term exercise ... -
The influence of cannabinoid CB₂ receptor on the viability of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2010)Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a multipotent population of stem cells that can differentiate along the osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic lineages under the appropriate bio-chemical stimuli. Musculoskeletal ... -
The effect of exercise on the dynamic responses of oxygen uptake and leg vascular conductance in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2010)People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) suffer from exercise impairment which is characterised by a reduced peak exercise capacity (VO2 peak)- In order to better understand the aetiology of the exercise impairment in ... -
Beta₂-adrenoceptor modulation of the inflammatory response induced by thrombin and amyloid-beta in glial cells
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2010)Thrombin is a blood protein that leaks into the brain parenchyma when the blood- brain barrier is damaged, and has been implicated in the neuropathology associated with stroke, traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease ... -
The effect of exercise on leg vascular conductance and oxygen uptake kinetics, and endothelial and inflammatory function in women with type 2 diabetes
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) show a reduced maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) in comparison to age, BMI, and activity matched non-diabetic (ND) controls. In addition, the dynamic responses of VO2 (VO2 kinetics) ... -
MRI as an analytical tool in three models of neuroinflammation
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)It is well established that inflammatory changes in the brain accompany the ageing process and neurodegenerative disorders. These changes are largely mediated by activation of microglial and astrocytic cells, which is ... -
A role for amyloid-β in Alzheimer's pathology : evidence from cellular, animal and pre-clinical studies
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)One of the well-documented histopathological features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the progressive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) within the brain, thought to result from inefficient clearance of Aβ by phagocytes and/or ... -
The regulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate 1 receptor signalling and trafficking in astrocytes : implications for Multiple Sclerosis
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Fingolimod (FTY720-P) is an immunomodulatory drug recently granted FDA approval for the treatment of remitting ... -
Inflammation, the stress response system and the kynurenine pathway in the pathogenesis of depression and response to ECT
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2014)Major depression is a serious psychiatric disorder and a leading source of disability worldwide. However, the precise biological basis of depression remains elusive. Evidence suggests that activation of the inflammatory ... -
Analysis of the effects of amyloid-β on astrocytes
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2011)Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative pathology characterized by the presence of extracellular plaques composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. Aβ, in ... -
Electromyography in the assessment of neuromuscular fatigue and biomechanical task specificity
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)The use of EMG in the quantification of muscle fatigue has received much attention over the years. It has been used to identify the neuromuscular fatigue threshold at the aerobic-anaerobic transition during dynamic exercise ... -
Impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines on glucocorticoid sensitivity, kynurenine pathway and serotonin transport in microglia : implications for depression and the anti-inflammatory actions of antidepressants
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2013)Neuroinflammation is known to be a major contributing factor to neurodegeneration and has been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases such as major depression. Microglia are the immunocompetent cells of the CNS and are ... -
Analysis of the impact of SIGIRR on glial function
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2013)Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a shift towards a pro-inflammatory environment within the CNS, and this is believed to contribute to the progressive decline in cognitive function associated with these ... -
The role of TLRs and T cells in modulating glial activation : implications for Alzheimer's disease
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2013)Microglia are the key immune mediators of the CNS but, while astrocytes are primarily involved in maintaining homeostasis, they also exhibit immune functions. Both microglial and astrocytic activation is associated with ... -
The efficacy of environmental enrichment as cognitive enhancer : an evaluation of the underlying mechanisms
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)Environmental manipulations can enhance neuroplasticity in the brain, with enrichment- induced cognitive improvements being linked to increased expression of growth factors, such as neurotrophins, and enhanced hippocampal ... -
Short-term exercise as a cognitive enhancer : an investigation of the underlying mechanisms
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)Physical exercise is one of the most potent and effective cognitive enhancers we know. Unequivocal evidence in both humans and animals has shown that exercise can induce robust and consistent improvements in performance ... -
Evaluation of polarising stimuli on bone marrow-derived macrophage phenotypes in two models of neuroinflammation
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2014)Inflammatory changes in the brain have been observed with aging and in neurodegenerative disorders, and these are believed to be associated with the accompanying decline in cognitive function. Recent evidence has suggested ... -
Identification of novel proteins regulating pael-receptor function
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2011)Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that causes a wide range of debilitating symptoms. The Parkin associated endothelin like receptor (PAEL-R), originally called GRP37, belongs to the family ... -
Modulation of microglial phenotypes by CD200
(Trinity College (Dublin, Ireland). Department of Physiology, 2012)Microglia are the principal immune cells of the CNS continually surveying their micro-environment for endogenous and exogenous stimuli which may threaten the immunological balance. Recent studies have suggested that activated ...
